- "What do we do?"
- "For whom do we do it?"
- "How do we excel?"
(an "idealised" view of the world). It is a long-term view and concentrates on the future.
It can be emotive and is a source of inspiration. For example, a charity working with the poor might have a vision
statement which reads "A World without Poverty".
2. Mission: Defines the fundamental purpose of an organization or an enterprise, succinctly describing why it exists
and what it does to achieve its vision. For example, the charity above might have a mission statement as
"providing jobs for the homeless and unemployed".
3. Values: Beliefs that are shared among the stakeholders of an organization. Values drive an organization's culture
and priorities and provide a framework in which decisions are made. For example, "Knowledge and skills are the
keys to success" or "give a man bread and feed him for a day, but teach him to farm and feed him for life".
These example values may set the priorities of self sufficiency over shelter.
4. Strategy: Strategy, narrowly defined, means "the art of the general." A combination of the ends (goals) for
which the firm is striving and the means (policies) by which it is seeking to get there. A strategy is sometimes
called a roadmap which is the path chosen to plow towards the end vision. The most important part of
implementing the strategy is ensuring the company is going in the right direction which is towards the end vision.
Others begin with a vision and mission and use them to formulate goals and objectives.
a longer term version of the other. However they are meant to be quite different, with the vision being a
descriptive picture of future state, and the mission being an action statement for bringing about what is
envisioned (ie. the vision is what will be achieved if the company is successful in achieving its mission).
They should also be assessed internally and externally.
The internal assessment should focus on how members inside the organization interpret their mission statement.
The external assessment — which includes all of the businesses stakeholders — is valuable since it offers a
different perspective.
These discrepancies between these two assessments can provide insight into their effectiveness.
Strategic planning process
There are many approaches to strategic planning but typically one of the following approaches is used:
Situation-Target-Proposal
|
- See - what is today's situation?
- Think - define goals/objectives
- Draw - map a route to achieving the goals/objectives
- Draw - what is the ideal image or the desired end state?
- See - what is today's situation? What is the gap from ideal and why?
- Think - what specific actions must be taken to close the gap between today's situation and the ideal state?
- Plan - what resources are required to execute the activities?
[edit]Tools and approaches
and Threats). The main objective of this tool is to analyze internal strategic factors, strengths and weaknesses
attributed to the organization, and external factors beyond control of the organization such as opportunities and
threats.
- Balanced Scorecards, which creates a systematic framework for strategic planning;
- Scenario planning, which was originally used in the military and recently used by large corporations to analyze
- future scenarios.
- PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological)
- STEER analysis (Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors)
- EPISTEL (Environment, Political, Informatic, Social, Technological, Economic and Legal).
[edit]
Situational analysis
Situational analysis
may develop in the future, is important. The analysis has to be executed at an internal level as well as an
external level to identify all opportunities and threats of the external environment as well as the strengths and
weaknesses of the organizations.
- Markets (customers)
- Competition
- Technology
- Supplier markets
- Labor markets
- The economy
- The regulatory environment
first two - markets and competition - are not of critical importance.
(Bradford "External Situation - What to Consider")
education. It is practiced widely informally and formally. Strategic planning and decision processes should end
with objectives and a roadmap of ways to achieve them. The goal of strategic planning mechanisms like formal
planning is to increase specificity in business operation, especially when long-term and high-stake activities
are involved.
action plans. Most strategic plans address high level initiatives and over-arching goals, but don't get articulated
(translated) into day-to-day projects and tasks that will be required to achieve the plan.
Terminology or word choice, as well as the level a plan is written, are both examples of easy ways to fail at
translating your strategic plan in a way that makes sense and is executable to others. Often, plans are filled
with conceptual terms which don't tie into day-to-day realities for the staff expected to carry out the plan.
People typically have several goals at the same time. "Goal congruency" refers to how well the goals combine
with each other. Does goal A appear compatible with goal B? Do they fit together to form a unified strategy?
"Goal hierarchy" consists of the nesting of one or more goals within other goal(s).
one can expect to attain short-term goals fairly easily: they stand just slightly above one's reach.
At the other extreme, long-term goals appear very difficult, almost impossible to attain.
Strategic management jargon sometimes refers to "Big Hairy Audacious Goals" (BHAGs) in this context.
Using one goal as a stepping-stone to the next involves goal sequencing. A person or group starts by
attaining the easy short-term goals, then steps up to the medium-term, then to the long-term goals.
Goal sequencing can create a "goal stairway". In an organizational setting, the organization may co-ordinate
goals so that they do not conflict with each other. The goals of one part of the organization should mesh
compatibly with those of other parts of the organization.
At the simplest level, managing change means:
- Knowing what you want to accomplish and creating a compelling vision that motivates others
- Understand stakeholders and communicating with them early, consistently and often
- Managing the varying levels of support and resistance that will inevitably emerge in response to any change
- Change Leadership is a skillset that is required throughout any deployment, from planning and executing to
- sustaining improvements.
- Change Leadership are essential for both high level executives and program leaders, who are responsible for
- setting the vision, communicate the vision and make the changes happen


















